Contents
Windows NT Workstation
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Windows Server 2003
Microsoft Windows NT
Contents
1.0 Introduction Windows NT Workstation 4.0
2.0 What’s New in Windows NT Workstation 4.0
3.0 Beginning Installation
1.0 Introducing Windows NT Workstation 4.0
Welcome to Microsoft® Windows NT® Workstation 4.0, the most powerful operating system for business computing. Windows NT Workstation combines the ease-of-use of Windows® 95 with the power and reliability of Windows NT.
The new Windows 95 interface makes it easier and faster for you to do your work. New features such as Microsoft Windows NT Explorer make finding and storing files easier than ever, and the new icons and screen design keep your workstation organized and your programs accessible.
These are the major ways in which Windows NT Workstation 4.0 is designed to meet the demanding computing needs of today’s business world.
1.0.1 Ease of Use, Productivity, and Compatibility
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 has the Windows 95 easy-to-use interface which helps you do your work easier and faster. Windows NT Workstation 4.0 ensures high performance for 32-bit programs. All Win16 Windows-based programs have the preemptive multitasking capabilities of Windows NT Workstation 4.0 and can be run in a separate address space for better responsiveness and reliability.
1.0.2 System Reliability and Data Protection
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 meets the reliability standards required by management information systems (MIS) professionals and other power users to run critical line-of-business programs. Windows NT Workstation 4.0 protects application programs from one another.
1.0.3 Workgroup and Networking Support
Built-in file-sharing and print-sharing capabilities make it easy to use Windows NT Workstation for workgroup computing. Windows NT Workstation 4.0 has an open network system interface that is compatible with Banyan VINES, NetWare, Novell, UNIX, Macintosh, and LAN Manager 2.x, as well as Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and standard x86 environments. Up to 10 simultaneous connections can be made to a Windows NT Workstation 4.0 computer for sharing files and printers.
1.0.4 Object Linking and Embedding
In Windows NT Workstation, you can combine information from several applications into one compound document using the special object linking and embedding (OLE) capabilities of Windows-based applications. For example, you can create a compound document that includes formatted text, graphics, and information from a spreadsheet or a database, plus icons that run sound recordings or play multimedia devices. You can edit the information without knowing which application was used to create it.
The applications included with Windows NT that have OLE capabilities are Windows Messaging, Clipbook Viewer, Paintbrush, Sound Recorder, and WordPad.
1.0.5 Built-in Tools for Internetworking and Intranetworking
With built-in TCP/IP, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Peer Web Services, you have all the tools and information needed to browse the Internet and publish information to corporate intranets.
2.0 What’s New in Windows NT Workstation 4.0
Here are the new features that you will find in Windows NT Workstation 4.0:
2.0.1 Windows 95 User Interface
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 includes the new Windows 95 user interface, making the operating system even easier to use. Additional new features include Windows NT Explorer, My Briefcase, Recycle Bin, and Network Neighborhood.
2.0.2 Telephony API (TAPI) and Unimodem
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 provides the technologies required by fax applications, Windows Messaging (for electronic mail), and Microsoft Internet Explorer.
2.0.3 NetWare 4 Client and Logon Script Support
The NDS client for Windows NT Workstation 4.0 provides NetWare login script support and file/print capabilities. However, VLM support is not included.
2.0.4 Peer Web Services
Microsoft Peer Web Services for Windows NT Workstation is designed for personal Web publishing from computers running Windows NT Workstation. With Peer Web Services, you can set up a personal Web server to run on your company’s intranet, which is ideal for development, testing, and peer-to-peer publishing.
2.0.5 Microsoft Internet Explorer
Use Microsoft Internet Explorer to easily navigate and access information on the Web. With Microsoft Internet Explorer, you can browse Macintosh, NetWare, and Windows Web sites without changing formats.
2.0.6 Distributed Applications for the Internet
In addition to using component object model (COM) to integrate applications on a single computer, you can now use Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) to integrate client/server applications across multiple computers. DCOM can be used to integrate robust Web browser applications. DCOM provides the infrastructure for client/server applications that can share components across the Internet or intranet.
2.0.7 Windows Messaging
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 includes Windows Messaging for managing e-mail (including e-mail over the Internet).
2.0.8 Direct Draw and Direct Sound Support
Includes the APIs necessary to develop and run games and other applications for Windows 95.
3.0 Beginning Installation
This section describes Windows NT Setup, the program used to install Windows NT on your computer. Installing a new operating system can involve many choices, and Setup is designed to guide you through these choices as smoothly as possible.
Installing Windows NT consists of three main steps:
1. Preparing to Run Setup
Check all hardware against the Windows NT Hardware Compatibility List as well as the System Requirement table. In addition, make sure you have all necessary materials at hand for your installation. Use the worksheet included in this book to organize the information resource you need.
2. Running Setup
Start Setup according to the instruction for your computer. Then follow all instructions on your screen, trying in the necessarily information as setup asks you to do so. During this phase, setup restart s your computer as needed in order to copy and process the setup files.
3. Finishing Setup and Starting Windows NT
After you have given setup all the information it needs, it fully installs the operating system and then restarts your computer. Windows NT workstations are now ready to use.
3.0.1 What should you know before Setup
Use the following checklist to organize your information before running Setup.
Have you read the Windows NT Workstation readme files?
If possible, read the file Setup.txt on your compact disc for late-breaking information pertaining to hardware and configuration. After you finish installing, read the file Readme.doc for any new information not included in this book.
If possible, have you backed up all of the files currently on your computer to
either a network share or a tape storage device?
Have you checked all of your hardware (network adapter cards, video drivers, sound cards, CD-ROM drives, etc.) against the Windows NT Hardware Compatibility List? A copy of this list is included in your package.
Important Microsoft only supports hardware that appears on the Windows NT Hardware Compatibility List for use with Windows NT. If any piece of your hardware does not appear on this list, your installation might not be successful.
Do you have all the device driver disks and configuration settings for your third-party hardware?
Do you have ready a formatted disk for the Emergency Repair Disk (ERD)?
Make sure to use a 3.5-inch 1.44 megabyte (MB) disk for the ERD. Label it “Emergency Repair Disk” and set it aside until Setup asks you to insert it.
Note Although the ERD is optional for running Windows NT, Microsoft strongly recommends that you create one during installation and update it every time you make changes to your configuration, such as restructuring partitions, adding new disk controllers and other software, or installing new applications.
Do you have your Windows NT Workstation compact disc?
– or –
Do you have network access to the Windows NT Workstation files?
3.0.2 System Requirements
The following table describes the system requirements for Windows NT Workstation.
Category Requirement
Hardware 32-bit x86-based microprocessor (such as Intel 80486/25 or higher), Intel Pentium, or supported RISC-based microprocessor such as the MIPS R4x00™, Digital Alpha Systems, or PowerPC™.
VGA, or higher resolution, monitor
One or more hard disks, with 117 MB minimum free disk space on the partition that will contain the Windows NT Workstation system files (148 MB minimum for RISC-based computers)
For x86-based computers, a high density 3.5-inch disk drive plus a CD ROM drive (for computers with only a 5.25-inch drive, you can only install Windows NT Workstation over the network)
For any computer not installing over a network, a CD-ROM drive
Memory 12-MB RAM minimum for x86-based systems; 16 MB recommended
16-MB RAM minimum for RISC-based systems
Optional components Mouse or other pointing device
One or more network adapter cards, if you want to use Windows NT Workstation with a network
Windows NT Workstation supports computers with up to two microprocessors. Support for additional microprocessors is available from your computer manufacturer.
3.0.3 Starting Setup
The procedure for starting Setup varies slightly according to:
• Your computer platform (Intel x86-based or RISC-based)
• How you gain access to the Setup files (from the boot media or over a network)
The procedures described here pertain to both Intel x86-based and RISC-based computers. If your computer is RISC-based, notice the special instructions in some of the steps.
Note: If you are installing Windows NT on a portable computer with a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) port and you want Setup to configure a device connected to that port, you must insert the device and start or restart your computer before running Setup. Make sure that any device you use is approved on the Windows NT Hardware Compatibility List. For ways of finding this list, see “What You Should Know Before Running Setup” earlier in this chapter.
The Setup disks included with your package (labeled “Setup Boot Disk,” “Setup Disk 2,” and “Setup Disk 3”) are required if you are installing Windows NT for the first time on an Intel x86-based computer. If you are installing over a network and do not have your package at hand, the Setup disks are created during Setup when you use the winnt or winnt32 command. Also, the Setup disks let you start Windows NT at a later time when it might not be able to start on its own due to a system error. You can use the Setup disks together with the Emergency Repair Disk, as described in Help, to recover your system when it is unable to start.
If your computer’s BIOS supports the El Torito Bootable CD-ROM (no-emulation mode) format, you can skip over using the Setup disks during a new installation of Windows NT 4.0 and start Setup directly from the Windows NT Workstation compact disc.
If you are installing on a RISC-based computer, this is the appropriate method for starting Setup as well. Check the documentation for your computer to learn whether this option is available to you.
3.0.4 To install Windows NT Workstation on your computer using the Setup disks and/or the Windows NT Workstation compact disc
1. With your computer turned off, insert the disk labeled “Windows NT Setup Boot Disk” into drive A of your computer.
Or, if your computer’s BIOS supports the El Torito Bootable CD-ROM (no-emulation mode) format, insert the Windows NT Workstation 4.0 compact disc with your computer turned off.
2. Turn on your computer.
If you are installing on an Intel x86-based computer, Setup will start automatically.
If you are installing on a RISC-based computer, follow these additional steps:
3. At the ARC screen, choose Run A Program from the menu.
4. At the prompt, type cd:\system\setupldr and press ENTER, where system is the directory name matching your system type: MIPS, PPC (for PowerPC computers), or ALPHA.
For some RISC-based computers, you might need to supply a full device name instead of typing cd:. See your computer documentation for more information.
Once Setup is started, follow the instructions on the screen. Refer to the appropriate sections in this book when you need assistance.
3.0.5 To install Windows NT Workstation 4.0 using a network connection to the Setup files on a remote server
1. Using your existing operating system or a MS-DOS disk, establish your connection to the share containing the Setup files.
2. If your computer is currently running a previous version of Windows NT, type winnt32 at the command prompt. For all other installations, type winnt.
Setup begins with a brief welcoming screen asking you the process by which you want to proceed with installation. If you are installing Windows NT Workstation 4.0 on your machine for the first time, press ENTER to begin the Setup process.
On this and the other opening Setup screens, Help is available by pressing F1. These Help screens contain useful background information and suggestions to follow while running Setup.
If you are continuing an earlier failed attempt to install Windows NT, certain repair options are available by pressing R. For guidance in using these screens, refer to the available Help by pressing F1.
You can cancel Setup entirely at any point on these screens by pressing F3.
3.0.6 Configuring a Mass Storage Device
Next, Setup scans your computer to detect the mass storage devices, such as CD ROM drives and SCSI adapters. Hard disks are not included in this scan.
Note
Setup automatically detects all integrated device electronics (IDE) and enhanced small device interface (ESDI) drives. These drives are not displayed on this screen.
Setup lists all the mass storage devices it finds. You can accept this list, or you can choose to add to it if you have a disk with device drivers from the manufacturer of your device. You can also wait and install additional mass storage devices after Setup is complete.
If any of your mass storage devices were not detected, press S to install them at this time.
3.0.7 Verifying Your Hardware
Next, Setup displays the list of hardware and software components it finds on your computer.
Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to move to a setting on the list that needs to be changed. Then, press ENTER to see alternatives for that item.
Configuring the Disk Partitions
Disk space on your hard drive(s) is divided into usable areas called partitions. Before it can install Windows NT, Setup must know the appropriate disk partition for installing the system files.
A disk partition can be any size from 1 MB to the entire hard disk. But the partition where you store Windows NT files must be on a permanent hard disk and must have enough unused disk space to hold all the files. Refer to the section “System Requirements” earlier in this chapter to double-check that your computer has adequate disk space for installing the Windows NT files.
The system partition is the partition that has the hardware-specific files needed to load Windows NT. On an x86-based computer, Windows NT looks for certain files in the root directory of drive C (Disk 0) when you start your computer. This partition must be formatted with either the NT File System (NTFS) or the File Allocation (FAT) file system in order for Windows NT to start. It must be formatted with the FAT file system if you want to run both Windows NT and MS DOS or if you are dual-booting with Windows 95. For more information, see the next section, “Choosing a File System for the Windows NT Partition.”
If you will use only the Windows NT Workstation operating system:
• On a new x86-based computer, make a single partition and format it with NTFS, as described in the following section, “Choosing a File System for the Windows NT Partition.”
• On an existing system containing files you want to keep, maintain all existing partitions. You can install the Windows NT Workstation files on any partition with sufficient free space: 117 MB for x 86-based machines or 148 MB for RISC-based computers.
If you plan to use another operating system, such as MS DOS or Windows 95, in addition to Windows NT:
• To run both MS DOS and Windows NT on the same computer, you must first install MS DOS. Installing it later might overwrite the boot sector on the hard disk, making it impossible to start Windows NT without using the Emergency Repair Disk.
• Make sure the system partition (for example, drive C) is formatted as FAT. For example, if you already have MS DOS installed and want to keep it, preserve the system partition and keep the file system as FAT, as described in the following section, “Choosing a File System for the Windows NT Partition.” You can install the Windows NT files on any uncompressed partition with sufficient free space.
Important
You cannot install Windows NT on a compressed drive created with any utility other than NTFS compression.
• To use NTFS and have access to another operating system, you must have at least two disk partitions. Format drives C with a file system that Windows NT and your other operating system can use, such as FAT. Format the other partition for NTFS. You can place the Windows NT files on any uncompressed (or NTFS-compressed) partition with sufficient free space.
If you are installing Windows NT on a computer currently configured to start either OS/2 or MS DOS using the boot command, Windows NT Setup sets up your system so that you can run Windows NT or whichever of the two operating systems (MS DOS or OS/2) you last started before running Windows NT Setup.
If you have OS/2 Boot Manager installed on your computer and want to continue to use it after Windows NT Workstation installation is complete, you need to re-enable it. After Setup is complete, click the Start button and point to Programs and then Administrative Tools. Click Disk Administrator. Select the OS/2 Boot Manager partition, and then select Mark Active from the Partition menu.
3.0.8 Choosing a File System for the Windows NT Partition
Once you have selected a partition for installing Windows NT, you must instruct Setup which file system, NTFS or FAT, to use with the partition. Make sure you know all the considerations when choosing one file system over another.
Use the following information when choosing to format or convert the partition where the Windows NT files will be installed:
• For an unformatted partition, you can choose to format it with either the NTFS or FAT file system. Choose the FAT option if you want to access files on that partition when running Windows NT, MS DOS, Windows 95, or OS/2 on this computer. Choose the NTFS option if you want to take advantage of the features in NTFS.
• For an existing partition, the default option keeps the current file system intact, preserving all existing files on that partition.
You might choose to convert an existing partition to NTFS so as to make use of Windows NT security. This option preserves existing files, but only Windows NT has access to files on that partition.
Or, you might instead choose to reformat an existing partition to either the NTFS or FAT file system, which erases all existing files on that partition. If you choose to reformat the partition as NTFS, only Windows NT will have access to files created on that partition.
Note
After running Setup, you can convert file systems from FAT to NTFS. If you want to convert an NTFS partition to FAT, you must first back up all the files, reformat the partition (which erases all files), and then restore the files from the backup version. You must also back up data before repartitioning a hard disk.
The following table summarizes the main criteria for choosing a file system for a Windows NT partition.
Windows NT File Systems
NTFS Considerations FAT Considerations
Security Supports complete Windows NT security, so you can specify who is allowed various kinds of access to a file or directory. Files are not protected by the security features of Windows NT.
Activity log Keeps a log of activities to restore the disk in the event of power failure or other problems. FAT file systems do not keep a log.
File sizes Maximum file size is 4 GB to 64 GB, depending on the size of your clusters. Maximum file size is 4 GB.
File compression Supports flexible per-file compression. File compression is not supported.
Operating system compatibility Recognized only by Windows NT. When the computer is running another operating system (such as MS DOS or OS/2), that operating system cannot access files on an NTFS partition on the same computer. Allows access to files when your computer is running another operating system, such as MS DOS or OS/2.
MS DOS data sharing Cannot share data with MS DOS on the same partition. Enables you to share data with MS DOS on the same partition.
3.0.9 Choosing a Directory for the Windows NT Workstation Files
After Setup accepts your partition and file system choices, it displays the name of the directory where it will install the Windows NT files. You can accept the directory that Setup suggests or type the name of the directory you prefer. For most installations, the proposed directory is appropriate.
Setup displays a special screen if it detects one or more of the following operating systems on your computer:
• Windows NT (versions 3.1, 3.5, or 3.51)
• Windows 95
• Windows 3.x
In such a case, your decision to install in the directory Setup has chosen or to specify a new directory should be based on the following considerations:
• Do you want Setup to migrate the registry settings from your existing operating system?
• Do you want the ability to choose among your operating systems every time you start your computer?
Note
If your computer is running Windows 95, it is not possible to install the Windows NT 4.0 files in the same directory. You must specify a new directory. Your Windows 95 settings will not be migrated, and you will need to reinstall your applications under Windows NT.
---------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------
Microsoft Windows 98 Se
CONTENTS
1. QUICK TIPS FOR AN ERROR-FREE SETUP
2. GENERAL SETUP ISSUES
3. INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION FROM MS-DOS
4. PERFORMING A CLEAN BOOT
5. ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
6. FINDING HARD DISK PROBLEMS DURING SETUP USING SCANDISK
7. CAB ERRORS DURING SETUP
8. REMOVING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION
9. POTENTIAL ISSUES IF YOU HAVE A COMPRESSED DRIVE
10. INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION WITH WINDOWS NT
11. SETUP ERROR MESSAGES
1. QUICK TIPS FOR AN ERROR-FREE SETUP
============================================
Disable all antivirus programs running on your system. If these utilities are left running during Setup, your system may stop responding.
NOTE: Some systems have antivirus capabilities built into the system. If this option is left enabled in BIOS/CMOS settings, you may receive a warning about "virus-like activity" or "Master Boot Record" changes. You must allow these changes to take place for Setup to complete successfully. See your antivirus software documentation for more information.
Run ScanDisk to check and fix any problems with your hard disk(s).
Close all running programs. This includes disabling any screen savers, Advanced Power Management settings, and other programs that may cause Setup to stop responding. See "Performing a Clean Boot" for more information.
2. GENERAL SETUP ISSUES
============================
If you have the Number Nine Imagine 128 Display Adapter, or the STB Velocity 128 3D AGP (Nvidia Riva 128), you should run Setup from MS-DOS or change your display driver to VGA.
2.0.1 Upgrade vs. Full install versions of Windows 98 Second Edition
If you have the Upgrade version of Windows 98, Setup will attempt to find a qualifying upgrade product on your system. If Setup fails to find a previous version of Windows, you will be prompted
to insert your previous media for proof of compliance.
2.0.2 Disk Space requirements for Windows 98
Because many factors go into calculating the amount of free space required for Windows 98,
these figures are only estimates based on typical Windows 98 installs.
Typical upgrade from Windows 95: requires approximately 205 MB of free hard disk space, but may require as much as much as 315 MB, depending on your system configuration.
Full install of Windows 98 on a FAT16 drive: requires 260 MB of free hard disk space, but may range between 210-400 MB depending on system configuration and options selected.
Full install of Windows 98 on a FAT32 drive: requires 210 MB of free hard disk space, but may range between 190-305 MB, depending on system configuration and options selected.
Also, if you are installing Windows 98 to a drive other than C, Setup can require up to 25 MB of free disk space on drive C for the system and log files created during Setup.
Uninstall: If you wish to back up Windows 95 before upgrading, select the Save Your System Files option during Setup. This will allow you to uninstall Windows 98 Second Edition in the event you have problems. However, there are certain cases in which you cannot do this:
* Your current Windows installation is on a compressed drive.
* You are installing to a new directory or setting up a clean install with no previous version available.
* You are running a version of MS-DOS earlier than 5.0.
MAKE A NEW STARTUP DISK!
Because of changes in the real-mode and protect-mode kernels to support FAT32, Windows 98 Second Edition startup disks are not compatible with earlier versions of Windows. Therefore, when you set up Windows 98 Second Edition for the first time, be sure to make a new Startup Disk, EVEN IF YOU ARE NOT PLANNING TO USE FAT32.
2.0.3 Program Manager from Windows 3.x.
Program Manager is no longer supported in Windows 98.
Program Manager (Progman.exe) is left on the system for troubleshooting purposes, but it will NOT contain any groups. In addition, if you are upgrading over Windows 95, your existing .grp files will be removed.
These are known to cause some problems when installing Windows 98. If you are upgrading from Windows 3.x, the old .grp files will remain on the system and Program Manager will still have some functionality.
You should back up your existing progman.ini and *.grp files before upgrading to Windows 98 if you intend to use Program Manager.
3. INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION FROM MS-DOS
If you are starting with a clean or new hard disk or if you have problems running Setup from your previous version of Windows, you may have to run Windows 98 Second Edition Setup from MS-DOS. Although installing from MS-DOS is typically the slower method of installation, it is often the safest and should be used when other types of installations fail.
3.0.1 MS-DOS Boot Hot Keys
There are several ways to boot your system to an MS-DOS command prompt safely. The easiest way is by using these hot keys:
* Windows 98 Second Edition
Hold the CTRL key down while your computer is booting.
This will take you directly to the Windows 98 Boot Menu (the F8 key is still functional, but there is no "Starting Windows 98" prompt in Windows 98, so it's hard to know exactly when to press it).
* Windows 95
Press the F8 key at the "Starting Windows 95" prompt.
This will take you to the Windows 95 Boot Menu.
* MS-DOS 6.x
Press the F8 key at the "Starting MS-DOS" prompt.
This will allows you to manually choose which drivers to load or to bypass your system files.
* Real-mode CD-ROM drivers
You will need real-mode CD-ROM drivers loaded so you can access the Windows 98 Second Edition CD. If you have run Windows 98 Setup before and have created a Startup Disk, you can use the CD-ROM drivers included on that disk. If you do not have a Startup Disk, you will need to run the installation program that came with your CD-ROM hardware.
After you have access to your CD-ROM drive, you can switch to the drive containing the Windows 98 Second Edition CD and type: SETUP. Setup should now continue.
3.0.2 Editing your Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files
Your computer's Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files tell your computer what programs and devices to load on startup (for example, a virus-scanner program to Autoexec.bat file may direct your computer to automatically load). Windows 98 Second Edition Setup will not run properly with some programs and devices.
To remove or disable such a program or device, you may need to edit the Config.sys and/or Autoexec.bat files.
To edit the Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files:
1. In Windows 3.1 or 3.11, click File, click Run, type Sysedit, and then press ENTER. In Windows 95, click Start, click Run, type Sysedit, and then press ENTER.
2. In the Config.sys or Autoexec.bat dialog box, type REM at the beginning of any line(s) that you want to disable.
3. Save changes and restart your computer.
3.0.3 Tips for Installing Real-Mode CD-ROM Drivers
Currently running Windows 95:
If you are currently running Windows 95, you may already have a portion of the CD-ROM drivers loaded. If you can shut down to MS-DOS mode and get access to your CD-ROM drive, try the following:
* Reboot and press the F8 key at "Starting Windows 95".
* Choose "Command Prompt Only."
* At the C:\ prompt type: DosStart.bat.
You should now have access to your CD-ROM drive.
Lost access to the CD-ROM drive during Setup:
If you lose access to your CD-ROM during Windows 98 Second Edition Setup, you can try the following:
* Reboot and press the F8 key at "Starting Windows 95," and then choose the option for Command Prompt Only. If you are running MS-DOS, boot directly to command prompt.
* Edit the Autoexec.bat file by typing: Edit Autoexec.bat
* Delete the text "Rem by Windows 98 Setup" in front of the line that includes the reference to Mscdex.exe.
* Exit Edit by typing ALT-F-X and save the file when prompted.
* Reboot. Either Setup should continue on its own, or you should run Setup again, choosing Safe Recovery if prompted.
3.0.4 Installing Windows 98 Second Edition from Your Hard Disk
By copying all the Setup files to your hard disk and then installing from your hard disk, you can eliminate most of the problems associated with file copy and disk I/O issues. You can unload your CD-ROM drivers and free up conventional memory to assist with low memory errors in this type of install. To copy the Setup files locally:
From Windows 95:
* Free an additional 120 MB of disk space in addition to what Setup will require. Setup will typically require 195 MB for an upgrade from Windows 95.
* Create a temporary folder called "W98Flat" to store the Setup files on that drive.
* Copy the contents of the Win98 folder on your Windows 98 Second Edition CD to the temporary folder you just created. You should also copy the Win98 subfolders, but this is not essential if you are short on disk space.
* Reboot. Press the F8 key at "Starting Windows 95" and choose Safe Mode Command Prompt Only.
* Now, switch to the temporary folder containing the Windows 98 Second Edition Setup files and type: SETUP.
From MS-DOS:
* Make sure you have access to your CD-ROM drive. See above for more information.
* Free an additional 120 MB of disk space in addition to what Setup will require. Setup will typically require 195 MB for an upgrade from Windows 95.
* Create a temporary folder called "W98Flat" on the drive with plenty of free space to store the Setup files. To create a temporary directory, switch to that drive letter and type: MD W98Flat.
* Now, switch to the Windows 98 Second Edition CD-ROM drive and to the Win98 directory.
* Then copy the Windows 98 Second Edition Setup files to the temporary directory you just created by typing:
Copy *.*
* After all the files are copied, restart your system and perform a clean boot by bypassing your startup files. See "Performing a Clean Boot" for more information.
* Switch to the temporary directory you just copied the files to and start Setup by typing: SETUP.
4. PERFORMING A CLEAN BOOT
Third-party device drivers, utilities, or other programs can prevent a successful install. Clean-booting your system can fix many of these problems. You can perform a clean boot by:
Using a floppy disk to start your computer:
* Boot from a Windows 98 Second Edition Startup Disk. This disk allows the option for loading with or without CD-ROM drivers and is a clean environment for running Setup.
* Boot from a previous Windows 95 or MS-DOS boot disk. This does not give access to your CD-ROM drivers, but can be used if you copy the Setup files to your hard disk as described above.
Windows 95 Safe Mode Command Prompt Only:
* Boot your system and hold the F8 key at the "Starting Windows 95" prompt.
* Choose Safe Mode Command Prompt Only. This also does not provide access to your CD-ROM drive, but can be used if the Setup files are copied to your hard disk as described above.
Windows 98 Second Edition step-by-step boot:
If you want to load some drivers manually, do this:
* Boot your system and hold the F8 key at the "Starting Windows 95" prompt.
* Choose the Step by Step option.
* Now, only say YES to devices you want to be loaded. In most cases, you should say YES to Himem.sys.
Windows 95/MS-DOS Clean boot with more memory:
You can increase the amount of memory available by making the following modifications to your Config.sys file. You can also make these changes to your Boot Disk as well.
NOTE: These are the only drivers you should load.
Device=Himem.sys
Device=EMM386.exe noems
Dos=high,umb
Device=drvspace.sys /move
(Optional - only if using DriveSpace compression)
Creating a Windows 98 Second Edition Startup Disk:
If Windows 98 Second Edition Setup fails after copying most of the files to your hard disk, you may be able to create a Startup Disk by using the bootdisk.bat utility.
* Boot to an MS-DOS prompt.
* Change directories to your Windows\command directory.
* Run the Bootdisk.bat program that will prompt you to create a Startup Disk.
This disk contains generic real-mode CD-ROM drivers that may be useful when running Setup again.
5. ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE
Make sure that no antivirus program is running while you are setting up Windows 98 Second Edition. If the program is a terminate-and-stay-resident program, remove any references to it in your Autoexec.bat, Config.sys, and Win.ini files.
If your BIOS has built-in virus protection, disable it before running Setup. To disable it, you must use the CMOS setup program for your BIOS. For more information, see your computer documentation.
See the notes for specific antivirus programs below.
CMOS/BIOS-enabled virus protection:
Some systems come with virus protection built into the system. If this is left enabled, you may be warned with "Virus-like Activity" or "Master Boot Record Changed" messages. You must allow these changes to take place. If you choose to restore the previous settings, your system
may no longer boot.
Norton AntiVirus:
If Norton AntiVirus is installed, you may see the following warning at the end of the initial file copy
procedure:
Application Wininst0.400\Suwin.exe is attempting to update the Master Boot Record You should choose Continue (C) for Setup to finish properly. If you do not allow these changes to take place, Setup may stop responding.
Dr. Solomon's AntiVirus:
If you are running Dr. Solomon's AntiVirus utility, you may receive a blue screen fatal exception error in Ios.vxd while trying to create a Startup Disk during Setup. You should click Cancel on the Startup Disk screen when the progress bar is at 20%. This will allow Setup to continue.
Look for an update to Dr. Solomon's AntiVirus software on their Web site to resolve this issue.
6. FINDING HARD DISK PROBLEMS DURING SETUP USING SCANDISK
The version of Scandisk run during Windows 98 Second Edition Setup only checks for errors. It does not fix them. If problems exist, Setup cannot continue until they are fixed. To fix these problems, quit Setup and run ScanDisk from Windows 95 or MS-DOS. See below for more information about using ScanDisk to resolve these issues.
Fixing Hard Disk Problems:
If, during Setup, you see a message telling you that you must run ScanDisk to fix problems on your hard disk, follow these steps to fix the problems.
If you are setting up Windows 98 Second Edition over MS-DOS or a previous version of Windows, such as
Windows 3.1:
1. Quit Windows.
2. If you are setting up from floppy disks, insert Setup Disk 1 into the floppy drive, and then type
the following at the command prompt:
a:scandisk.exe /all
where "a" is the drive that contains the Windows disk.
3. If you are setting up from a CD, insert the CD, and then type the following:
d:\win98\scandisk.exe /all
where "d" is the drive that contains the CD.
4. Follow the instructions on your screen, and fix any problems that ScanDisk finds.
5. Start Windows, and then run Setup again.
If you are setting up Windows 98 Second Edition over a previous version of Windows 98 or Windows 95:
1. Quit Setup.
2. On the Start menu, point to Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then
click ScanDisk.
3. Check your hard disks and any host drives you have for errors, and repair any problems found. Be sure to do a complete surface scan on all your drives, or Setup may still find errors.
Problems Running ScanDisk:
There are certain cases where ScanDisk may not be able to fix an issue or is producing errors.
You are running DriveSpace 3 compression:
If Drvspace3 compression is installed on your system, you may be low on conventional memory. To free up memory, you can try the following:
* If you are running MS-DOS 6.x, you can run Memmaker.exe to free enough memory for ScanDisk to complete.
* See INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION FROM MS-DOS for information on how to perform a clean boot with more memory.
* Check your drives while running Windows 95.
If you still don't have enough memory, or if you have other problems while Setup is running ScanDisk, you can bypass ScanDisk in Setup by running Setup with the /IS option. To do this, type the following command:
setup /is
NOTE: Bypassing ScanDisk during Setup is not recommended. If you do, there may be problems with your hard disk that could cause Windows 98 Second Edition not to install or run correctly.
7. CAB FILE ERRORS DURING WINDOWS 98 SETUP.
When you try to install Windows 98, or install a component that requires copying files from the original Windows disks or CD-ROM, you may receive one of the following messages:
Setup has detected the following decoding error: "Could not decode this setup(.CAB) file. Setup will attempt to recover from this situation, click OK to continue".
- "Setup cannot copy all of the files from your Windows 98 CD. Clean the Windows 98 CD with a soft cloth, return it to the CD-ROM drive, and then click OK.
This behavior can occur for any of the following reasons:
- Your Windows 98 CD-ROM may be damaged, dirty from smudges or fingerprints, or may contain scratches.
- Your CD-ROM drive is not functioning properly. The CD-ROM may vibrate too much for the laser to accurately read the data.
- Your computer is over-clocked. Extracting files from the Windows 98 cabinet files is memory intensive. If your computer is over-clocked beyond the default settings, it can contribute to decoding errors. Computers that are not over-clocked but are having a cooling problem can also experience decoding errors.
- Your computer has bad or mismatched RAM or cache. For example, you are using EDO and non-EDO RAM, or you are using different RAM speeds. Even if Windows seems to be running without problems, the additional stress of extracting files and accessing the disk may contribute
to decoding errors.
- Your computer has Bus Mastering or Ultra DMA enabled in the BIOS and in Device Manager. The data may be moving too quickly for the system to keep up.
- You are using a third-party memory manager.
- There is a virus on your computer.
To resolve this error message, follow these steps.
1. Remove the CD-ROM from the CD-ROM drive, rotate it one-quarter to one-half a turn, reinsert the CD-ROM into the drive, and then click OK.
2. Remove the CD-ROM from the CD-ROM drive. Clean it with a soft cloth and reinsert the CD-ROM into the drive, and then click OK.
3. Try using real-mode CD-ROM drivers. If you are unable to locate the real-mode CD-ROM drivers for your CD-ROM drive, try using the CD-ROM drivers on the Windows 98 Startup Disk. The Windows 98 Startup disk provides support for most types of CD-ROM drives, including
(IDE)and (SCSI) CD-ROM drives. Run Windows Setup from MS-DOS.
4. Create an empty folder on one of your hard drives called "W98flat". Copy the contents of the Win98 folder on the CD-ROM to the "W98Flat" folder you just created. If you are unable to copy the contents of the Win98 folder on the CD-ROM to you hard disk, the CD-ROM may be damaged.
5. Check your computer for a virus using virus-detection software.
6. Run Windows 98 Setup using the following command:
" setup /c " (without the quotation marks) This switch bypasses running SMARTDrive. This makes Setup run slower, but it should be more reliable environment to run in.
9. If you are still receiving CAB ERRORS in Windows 98, you can manually extract all the
Windows 98 files from the Windows 98 cabinet files on the CD-ROM to your hard disk, and then run Windows 98 Setup from your hard disk. It requires approximately 300 MB of free hard disk space to extract the Windows 98 files. You can use the Ext.exe utility to extract the Windows 98 files.This utility is located on the Windows 98 startup disk and in the \Oldmsdos folder on the Windows 98 CD-ROM. To manually extract the Windows 98 files, follow these steps:
a. Insert your Windows 98 Startup disk in the floppy disk drive, and then restart your computer.
NOTE: If you do not have a Windows 98 Startup disk,see the section "Tips for Installing Real-Mode CD-ROM Drivers" under Running Windows 98 Setup from MS-DOS.
b. At the command prompt, type "ext" (without the quotation marks).
c. When you are prompted for the location of the cabinet files, type the path to the W98Flat folder that you created in step 4 above.
d. When you are prompted for the files to extract, type *.*
e. When you are prompted for the location to which the files are to be extracted, type in the path to the W98Flat folder you created earlier.
*Note* this does not extract the files in the Precopy1.cab and Precopy2.cab cabinet files.
f. After all the files have been extracted, run Setup from the W98Flat folder on your hard disk.
5. Finally, if all the above steps are still failing, you can try to slow down your computer. To slow down your computer, use any or all of the following methods:
- Change your computer's CMOS settings. Bus mastering, external/internal cache, RAM settings/timings, and other settings contribute to the speed at which your computer runs. For information about how to change these settings, consult the documentation that is included with your computer.
8. REMOVING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION FROM YOUR SYSTEM
Saving System Files:
Windows 98 Second Edition Setup offers users the option of backing up their previous version of Windows in case Windows 98 Second Edition needs to be uninstalled later. To enable this option, you must select the Save Your System Files option when prompted during Setup. Setup will then create the following hidden files necessary to uninstall Windows 98:
* Winundo.dat
* Winundo.ini
* Winlfn.ini
NOTE: Deleting these files will prevent Windows 98 Second Edition from being uninstalled.
If any of the following apply, you will not be able to uninstall Windows 98 Second Edition, and Setup will not prompt you to Save System Files:
* Your current Windows installation is on a compressed drive.
* You are installing to a new directory or a clean install with no previous version available.
* You are running a version of MS-DOS earlier than 5.0.
NOTE: The files necessary to remove Windows 98 Second Edition must be saved on a local hard drive. You cannot save them to a network drive or a floppy disk. As long as two or more drives have adequate free space, you can select the drive to which to save the uninstall information.
There are also several actions that could prevent Windows 98 from being uninstalled after Setup is complete. The following is a list of items that will cause the uninstall information to be removed from your system:
* Converting your hard disk to FAT32
* Compressing your hard disk with DriveSpace
NOTE: These utilities should warn you that the Uninstall information will be lost before they perform conversion or compression.
Removing Windows 98 Second Edition:
To remove Windows 98 Second Edition and completely restore your system to its previous versions of MS-DOS and Windows 3.x, or Windows 95:
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
3. On the Install/Uninstall tab, click Uninstall Windows 98, and then click Add/Remove.
Or if you are having problems starting Windows 98, use your Startup Disk to start your computer, and then run UNINSTAL from the Startup Disk.
NOTE: UNINSTAL needs to shut down Windows 98. If there is a problem with this on your computer, restart your computer and press F8 when you see the message "Starting Windows 98." Then, click Command Prompt Only and run UNINSTAL from the command prompt.
If Setup did not complete successfully and you want to restore your previous versions of MS-DOS and Windows 3.x, or Windows 95, you can run UNINSTAL from the \Windows\Command directory on your hard disk, or from your Startup Disk.
If you saved your files on a drive other than C, you can use the /w option to specify the drive where the files are located.
For example:
uninstal /w e:
where e: is the drive containing your previous system files.
If Windows 98 is running and you want to remove the uninstall files to free disk space, follow these steps:
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click Add/Remove Programs.
3. On the Install/Uninstall tab, click Old
Windows 3.x/MS-DOS System Files, and then click Remove. Or click Remove Windows 95 system files (Uninstall Info).
You can no longer remove Windows 98.
9. POTENTIAL ISSUES IF YOU HAVE A COMPRESSED DRIVE.
If you have compressed your hard disk, you may get a message that there is not enough space on the host partition of the compressed drive. Setup may have to copy some files to your startup drive, the host for your startup drive, or the host for your Windows drive. If you get this message, free some space on the specified drive, and then run Setup again. Try one of the following:
* Set up Windows on an uncompressed drive if possible.
* Delete any unneeded files on your host partition.
* If you are running Windows 3.1 and have a permanent swap file, try making it smaller. In Control Panel, double-click 386 Enhanced, and then click Virtual Memory. Modify the size of your swap file.
* Use your disk compression software to free up some space on the host drive for the compressed drive. If you compressed your drive by using DriveSpace or DoubleSpace,
Follow these steps:
1. Quit Windows.
2. Run Drvspace.exe or Dblspace.exe.
3. Select the compressed drive on whose host you want to free space.
4. On the Drive menu, click Change Size and adjust the free space as necessary.
If you compressed your drive using Windows 95 Drivespace, or Drvspace3 from Plus!,
Follow these steps:
1. Start Windows
2. Select Drivespace from Start/Programs/Accessories/System Tools/Drivespace.
3. Select the compressed drive on whose host you want to free space.
4. On the Drive menu, click Change Size, and then adjust the free space as necessary.
If you used other compression software, such as Stacker, consult the software documentation.
NOTE: You may notice a discrepancy in the amount of free space reported by Setup and the amount of space you think is available on your host drive. Windows uses some space
for creating a swap file. This space may not appear to be allocated when Windows is not running.
NOTE: If you create a Startup Disk during Setup, make sure you do not use a compressed disk for the Startup Disk.
10. INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION WITH WINDOWS NT.
You cannot install Windows 98 Second Edition over any version of Windows NT, but they can exist together on a single system. However, for compatibility reasons, it is recommended that you install each to a separate hard disk or partition. If Windows NT is already installed, Windows 98 Setup will add itself to the Windows NT boot menu to allow the user to multi-boot between Windows 98 and Windows NT.
If you can no longer boot Windows NT, you should boot from the Windows NT recovery disks and choose the Repair option to restore the Windows NT boot files.
When installing Windows 98 on a system with drives created with Windows NT, you may receive the following error:
"Setup has detected that your hard disk has a 64K-cluster FAT partition. Because ScanDisk does not work on disks with this cluster size, Setup cannot continue. To complete Setup You must repartition your hard disk, format the partition with a FAT file system that has a cluster size of 32K or less, and then restart Setup."
Running Setup with the "/is" parameter (e.g., Setup /is) will bypass ScanDisk and avoid this problem.
10.0.1 Setting up a dual-boot scenario with Windows NT
To set up a dual-boot configuration on an x86 computer, install the operating system in the usual way, and then edit the Boot.ini file as described below. All system startup info is stored in the Boot.ini file, which is automatically created during Setup at the root of your computer's hard disk.
>>>To edit the Boot.ini file:
1. In Windows Explorer, click View, click Options, and then click "Show all files."
2. Make sure "Hide file extensions for known file types" is not checked, and then click OK.
3. Right-click the Boot.ini file, and then click Properties.
4. Click to clear the Read-only check box, and then click OK.
5. Right-click the Boot.ini file, click Copy, right-click a blank area of the Explorer dialog box, and then click Paste. A backup copy with the file name "Copy of Boot.ini" will be created.
6. Double-click the Boot.ini file.
7. Add the name and location of the alternate system in the [operating systems] section of the file, as in the following example:
[operating systems]
C:\Winnt="Windows NT 4.0"
C:\="Microsoft Windows"
8. Save and close the Boot.ini file.
9. Right-click the Boot.ini file, and then click Properties.
10. Select the Read-only check box, and then click OK.
11. SETUP ERROR MESSAGES
This section lists specific messages that you may encounter during Setup and provides information about what to do next.
Message SU0018
"Setup cannot create files on your startup drive and cannot set up Windows 98. There may be too many files in the root directory of your startup drive, or your startup drive letter may have been remapped."
The root folder of a drive holds a maximum of 512 entries (files or folders). This message indicates that Setup has detected too many directory entries in the root folder of your computer, and Setup cannot create the files it needs to set up Windows 98. Move or delete some files from the root folder of your drive, and then run Setup again.
"Unrecoverable Setup Error" Message
"Unrecoverable Setup Error. Setup cannot continue on this system configuration. Click OK to quit Setup." This error could be caused by various conditions. See "General Setup Notes" and INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION FROM MS-DOS
Long File Names Error Messages
If you see the message "Setup has detected that the program, Long File Names, is installed in this directory. Setup cannot continue." quit Setup, and then remove Long File Names from your computer by using the Uninstall feature in Long File Names. See "View Software" for more information.
Not Enough Memory Messages
If you encounter an Out of Memory message, you can increase conventional memory by commenting out TSRs and loading device drivers into the upper memory area.
Not Enough Disk Space Messages
You can recover disk space by completing any or all of the following steps:
* Right-click Recycle Bin, and then click Empty Recycle Bin.
* Delete the contents of your Internet browser cache folder.
* Delete files with the extensions .bak and .tmp.
* Delete unused program folders (be sure to back up data first).
* Delete the old MS-DOS folder, unless you intend to configure your computer to run both Windows 98 and MS-DOS. (First, be sure you have a start disk that supports access to the CD-ROM drive.)
* Delete the hidden file Winundo.dat from the previous installation of Windows 95.
* Delete the old Windows 3.1 folder, unless you intend to configure your computer to run both Windows 3.1 and Windows 98.
Setup Cannot Write to the Temporary Directory This message may appear because there is insufficient disk space for the temporary directory. If space is available on another drive, use the following command line to change the temporary directory location:
Setup /T:
If you do not have space available on another drive, free some disk space, and then run Setup again. See the "Not Enough Disk Space" Messages section for files that can be deleted.
If you have Multimedia Cloaking and are installing Windows 98 from floppy disks, Setup may not run successfully. If you see messages about Setup not being able to read .cab files, follow these steps:
1. Remove the line referencing Cacheclk.exe from your Config.sys and Autoexec.bat files.
2. Restart your computer.
3. Run Setup again.
Message SU0010, SU0012, SU0015, or SU0016
If you receive one of these messages during Setup, see "INSTALLING WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION ON A SYSTEM RUNNING WINDOWS NT and INSTALLING WINDOWS 98
SECOND EDITION ON A SYSTEM RUNNING OS/2 for more information.
Message SU0011
If your hard disk is password-protected, Setup will not complete successfully. You must first remove the password protection. For more information, see your computer documentation.
Message SU0013
To set up Windows 98, your startup drive must be an MS-DOS boot partition. If your startup drive is formatted as HPFS or NTFS, you must create an MS-DOS boot partition before running Setup. For more information about creating an MS-DOS boot partition, see your computer documentation.
You may also receive this error if you have third-party partitioning software such as EZ drive or Disk Manager installed. If so, reboot your system and run Setup from an MS-DOS command prompt. For more information, see "Running Setup from MS-DOS."
Standard Mode Messages
If you get any of the following error messages, remove any memory managers (such as EMM386.exe, QEMM, or 386Max) from your Config.sys file, and then run Setup again.
Standard Mode: Invalid DPMI return.
Standard Mode: Fault in MS-DOS Extender.
Standard Mode: Bad Fault in MS-DOS Extender.
Standard Mode: Unknown stack in fault dispatcher.
Standard Mode: Stack Overflow.
Microsoft Windows 2000
Before You Begin
To ensure a successful installation, you should complete the following tasks-which
Are described in the sections that follow-before you install Windows 2000:
• Make sure your hardware components meet the minimum requirements.
• Obtain Windows 2000-compatible hardware and software, such as upgrade packs, new drivers, and so on.
• Obtain network information.
• Back up your current files before upgrading, in case you need to restore your current operating system.
• Determine whether you want to perform an upgrade or install a new copy of Windows.
• If you're installing a new copy, identify and plan for any advanced Setup options you might want.
Meeting Hardware Requirements
Before you install Windows 2000, make sure your computer meets the following minimum hardware requirements:
• 133 MHz Pentium or higher microprocessor (or equivalent). Windows 2000 Professional supports up to two processors on a single computer.
• 64 megabytes (MB) of RAM recommended minimum.
• 32 MB of RAM is the minimum supported. 4 gigabytes (GB) of
• RAM is the maximum.
• A 2 GB hard disk with 650 MB of free space.
• If you're installing over a network, more free hard disk space is required.
• VGA or higher resolution monitor.
• Keyboard.
• Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device (optional).
For CD-ROM installation:
• A CD-ROM or DVD drive.
• High-density 3.5-inch disk drive, unless your CD-ROM drive is bootable and supports starting the Setup program from a CD.
For network installation:
• Windows 2000-compatible network adapter card and related cable (see the Hardware Compatibility List, Hcl.txt, in the Support folder on the Windows 2000 Professional CD).
• Access to the network share that contains the Setup files.
Checking Hardware and Software Compatibility
Windows 2000 Setup automatically checks your hardware and software and reports any potential conflicts. To ensure a successful installation, however, you should determine whether your computer hardware is compatible with Windows 2000 before you start Setup.
You can view the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) by opening the Hcl.txt file in the Support folder on the Windows 2000 Professional CD. If your hardware isn't listed, Setup may not be successful.
Important: Windows 2000 supports only those devices listed on the HCL. If your hardware isn't on this list, contact the hardware manufacturer and ask if there's a Windows 2000 driver for the
Component. You don’t need to obtain drivers for Plug and Play devices. If you have a program that uses 16-bit drivers, you need to get 32-bit drivers from the software vendor to ensure that the program functions properly after the upgrade.
During Setup, you can use upgrade packs to make your existing Windows 95 and Windows 98 software compatible with Windows 2000. Upgrade packs are available from the appropriate software manufacturers.
Obtaining Network Information
If your computer won't be participating on a network, skip this section.
First, you need to decide whether your computer is joining a domain or a workgroup. If you don't know which option to choose or if your computer won't be connected to a network, select the Workgroup option. (If you do, you can join a domain after you install Windows 2000.) If you select the Domain option, ask your network administrator to create a new computer account in that domain or to reset your existing account.
If your computer is currently connected to a network, you should get the following information from your network administrator before you begin Setup:
• Name of your computer
• Name of the workgroup or domain
• TCP/IP address (if your network doesn't have a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol [DHCP] server)
If you want to connect to a network during Setup, you must have the correct hardware installed on your computer and be connected by network cable.
Backing Up Your Files
If you're upgrading from a previous version of Windows, you should ack up your current files. You can back up files to a disk, a tape drive, or another computer on your network.
How you back up your files depends on your current operating system. If you're using Windows 95 or Windows 98, you may need to install the Windows Backup program. If you're using Windows NT 3.51 or Windows NT 4.0, Windows Backup is installed by default. You must have a tape drive installed to use the Backup tool in Windows NT.
Upgrading vs. Installing a New Copy
After you begin Windows 2000 Setup, one of the first decisions you have to make is whether to upgrade your current operating system or to perform an entirely new installation. During Setup you're asked to choose between upgrading or installing a new copy of Windows (or clean install).
During an upgrade, Setup replaces existing Windows files but preserves your existing settings and applications. Some applications may not be compatible with Windows 2000 and therefore may not function properly in Windows 2000 after an upgrade. You can upgrade to Windows
2000 Professional from the following operating systems:
• Windows 95 (all releases), Windows 98 (all releases)
• Windows NT 3.51 Workstation, Windows NT 4.0 Workstation (including service packs)
If you choose to install a new copy, Setup installs Windows 2000 in a new folder. If you're currently using a non supported operating system (such as Microsoft Windows 3.1 or OS/2), you must install a new copy. You have to reinstall applications and reset your preferences when you
install a new copy.
Determining Advanced Setup Needs
If you're already using Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT 3.51, or Windows NT 4.0 and you choose to install a new copy during Windows 2000 Setup, the Select Special Options screen appears during Setup. From this screen, you can select Accessibility and Language settings.
If you want to modify the way Setup installs Windows 2000, you can click Advanced Options, and then perform any of the following tasks:
• Change the default location of the Setup files.
• Store system files in a folder other than the default folder (Winnt).
• Copy the installation files from the CD to the hard disk.
• Select the partition on which to install Windows 2000.
Unless you're an advanced user, it's recommended that you use the default settings.
Running Setup
The Setup wizard gathers information, including regional settings [j2], names, and passwords. Setup then copies the appropriate files to your hard disk, checks the hardware, and configures your installation. When the installation is complete, you're ready to log on to Windows 2000. Note that your computer restarts several times during Setup.
How you start Setup depends on whether you're upgrading or installing a new copy of Windows. Determine your installation method, go to the appropriate section in this read me series, and then follow the procedures for your Setup scenario.
If you’re installing a New Copy (Clean Install)
If your computer has a blank hard disk or your current operating system isn't supported, you need to start your computer using one of the following:
• The Setup startup disks.
• The Windows 2000 Professional CD, if your CD-ROM drive is bootable. Some newer CD-ROM drives can boot from the CD and automatically launch Setup.
If you don't have the Setup startup disks, you can create replacement disks.
To install a new copy using the Setup startup disks
1. With your computer turned off, insert the Windows 2000 Setup startup Disk 1 into your floppy disk drive.
2. Start your computer.
Setup starts automatically.
3. Follow the instructions that appear.
The following sections discuss the different installation methods available.
To install a new copy using the CD
1. Start your computer by running your current operating system and then insert the Windows 2000 Professional CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. If Windows automatically detects the CD, click Install Windows 2000. Setup starts.
If Windows doesn't automatically detect the CD, start Setup from the Run command.
• In Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT 4.0, click Start, and then click Run.
• In Windows NT 3.51 or Windows 3.1, in Program Manager, click File, and then click Run.
3. At the prompt, type the path to the setup file. the following command, replacing d with the letter of your CD-ROM drive:
d:\i386\winnt32.exe
If you're using Windows 3.1 or the command prompt, type the following command at the prompt, replacing d with the letter of your CD-ROM drive:
d:\i386\winnt.exe
4. Press ENTER.
5. Follow the instructions that appear.
To install a new copy using a network connection
1. Using your existing operating system, establish your connection to the shared network folder that contains the Setup files. You can also use an MS-DOS(r) or network installation disk to connect to the network server-if the disk contains network client software.
Your network administrator will be able to provide you with this path.
2. If your computer is currently running Windows 95, Windows 98, or a previous version of Windows NT, at the command prompt, type the path to the file winnt32.exe. If your computer isn't running one of the above versions of Windows, at the command prompt, type the path to the file winnt.exe.
3. Press ENTER.
4. Follow the instructions that appear.
If you’re Upgrading
The upgrade process is simple. The Setup wizard detects and installs the appropriate drivers, or it creates a report on devices that couldn't be upgraded so you can be sure your hardware and software are compatible with Windows 2000.
Important: You must uncompress any DriveSpace(r) or DoubleSpace(r) volumes before upgrading to Windows 2000.
To upgrade Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT 4.0 from the CD
1. Start your computer by running your current operating system and then insert the Windows 2000 Professional CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. If Windows automatically detects the CD and asks if you would like to upgrade your computer to Windows 2000 Professional, click Yes. Otherwise, click Start, and then click Run. At the prompt, type the following command, replacing d with the letter assigned to your CD-ROM drive:
d:\i386\winnt32.exe
3. Press ENTER.
4. Follow the instructions that appear.
To upgrade Windows NT 3.51 from the CD
1. Start your computer by running your current operating system and then insert the Windows 2000 Professional CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. In Program Manager, click File, and then click Run. At the prompt, type the following command, replacing d with the letter of your CD-ROM drive:
d:\i386\winnt32.exe
3. Press ENTER.
4. Follow the instructions that appear.
To upgrade from a network connection
1. Using your current operating system, establish a connection to the shared network folder that contains the Setup files. If you have an MS-DOS or network installation disk that contains network client software, you can use that disk to connect to the shared folder.
Your network administrator will be able to provide you with this path.
2. If your computer is currently running Windows 95, Windows 98 or a previous version of Windows NT, at the command prompt, type the path to the file winnt32.exe.
3. Press ENTER.
4. When you're asked if you would like to upgrade your computer to Windows 2000 Professional, click yes.
5. Follow the instructions that appear.
Collecting User and Computer Information
The Windows 2000 Setup wizard leads you through the process of gathering information about you and your computer. Although much of this installation process is automatic, you may need to provide information or select settings in the following screens, depending on the current configuration of your computer:
• Licensing Agreement. If you agree with the terms, select I accept this agreement to continue with Setup.
• Select Special Options. Use this screen to customize Windows 2000Setup, language, and accessibility settings for new installations. You can set up Windows 2000 to use multiple languages and regional settings.
• Upgrading to the Windows 2000 File System (NTFS). Windows 2000 can automatically convert partitions on your hard disk to NTFS, or you can keep your existing file systems. If you're upgrading, Setup uses your current file system; however, you can change to NTFS, the recommended file system for Windows 2000.
• Regional Settings. Change the system and user locale settings for different regions and languages.
• Personalize Your Software. Enter the full name of the person and optionally, the organization to which this copy of Windows 2000is licensed.
• Computer Name and Administrator Password. Enter a unique computer name that differs from other computer, workgroup, or domain names on your network. Setup suggests a computer name, but you can change the name.
Setup automatically creates an Administrator account during the installation. When you use this account, you have full rights over the computer's settings and can create user accounts on the computer. That is, logging on as an Administrator after you install Windows 2000 gives you administrative privileges that you need to log on and manage your computer. Specify a password
for the Administrator account. For security reasons you should always assign a password to the Administrator account. Take care to remember and protect your password.
• Date and Time Settings. Verify the date and time for your region, select the appropriate time zone, and then select whether you want Windows 2000 to automatically adjust for daylight savings time.
• Networking Settings. Unless you're an advanced user, select the Typical settings option for your network configuration. Select the Custom settings option to manually configure network clients, services, and protocols.
• Workgroup or Computer Domain. During Setup, you must join either a workgroup or a domain.
• Provide Upgrade Packs. Some software manufacturers provide upgrade packs that allow your programs to work with Windows 2000. If you don't have any upgrade packs, simply click Next to continue with Setup.
• Network Identification Wizard. If your computer is participating on a network, this wizard prompts you to identify the users who will be using your computer. If you indicate that you're the only user, you're assigned Administrator privileges.
Providing Networking Information
During or after Setup, you need to join either a workgroup or a domain. If you won't be working on a network, specify that you want to join a workgroup.
Joining a Workgroup
A workgroup is one or more computers with the same workgroup name (for example, a "peer-to-peer" network). Any user can join a workgroup by simply specifying the workgroup name-you don't need special permissions to join a workgroup. You must provide an existing or new
Workgroup name or you can use the workgroup name that Windows 2000 suggests during Setup.
Joining a Domain A computer account identifies your computer to the domain, while the user account identifies you to your computer.
A domain is a collection of computers defined by a network administrator. Unlike joining a workgroup, which you can do yourself, joining a domain requires permission from the network administrator.
Joining a domain during Setup requires a computer account in the domain you want to join. If you're upgrading from Windows NT, Setup uses your existing computer account. Otherwise, you'll be asked to provide a new computer account. Ask your network administrator to create a computer account before you begin Setup. Or if you have the appropriate privileges, you can create the account during Setup and join the domain. To join a domain during Setup, you need to provide your user name and password.
Note: If you have difficulty joining a domain during Setup, join a workgroup instead, and then join the domain after you finish installing Windows 2000.
Starting Windows 2000
After gathering information, the Setup wizard completes the installation. The computer restarts several times, and then the logon prompt for Windows 2000 appears. After you log on, you can register your copy of Windows 2000, create user accounts, and reconfigure any settings that you entered in Setup.
Logging on to Windows 2000
When your computer restarts after installation, you log on to Windows 2000 for the first time. If you upgraded from a previous version of Windows and already had an existing user account, you can log on using that account and password.
If you don't have a user account, you need to log on using the Administrator account and the password you selected during Setup. Then you can create your user account.
To log on to Windows 2000 using the Administrator account
1. In the Log on to Windows 2000 dialog box, type the Administrator password that you created during Setup.
2. Press ENTER.
Windows 2000 starts, and the Welcome screen appears.
Creating a User Account
Your user account identifies your user name and password, the groups you're a member of, which network resources you have access to, and your personal files and settings. Each person who regularly uses the computer should have a user account. The user account is identified by a user name and a password, both of which the user types when logging on to the computer. You can create individual user accounts after logging on to the computer as Administrator.
To create your user account
1. Click the Start button, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click Users and Passwords.
3. Click Add.
The Add New User wizard appears.
4. Follow the instructions that appear.
After you've added your user account, you're ready to log off as Administrator and log on using your user account.
Registering Your Copy of Windows 2000
To open the Welcome screen, click Start, click Run, type welcome, and then click OK.
If you have a modem, you can register your copy of Windows 2000 by starting the Registration wizard in the Welcome to Windows 2000 dialog box. If you do not have a modem or an Internet connection, use the registration card included in the Windows 2000 package to register.
Advanced Setup Options
You can set up Microsoft(r) Windows(r) 2000 Professional without using advanced Setup options, The following sections describe how you can create dual-boot configurations, manage disk partitions, install Windows 2000 on multiple computers, or use alternate file systems.
Understanding Advanced Setup Options
The information in the following sections helps you to make decisions about how you install Windows 2000. Unless you're an advanced user, it's recommended that you use the default settings.
File Systems
Before you install Windows 2000, you should decide which file system you should use. A file system is the method by which information is stored on a hard disk.
Windows 2000 supports the NTFS file system or one of the file allocation table file systems (FAT or FAT32).
NTFS
The NTFS file system is the recommended file system for use with windows 2000. NTFS has all of the basic capabilities of FAT, and it provides the following advantages over the FAT and FAT 32 file systems:
• Better file security.
• Better disk compression.
• Support for large hard disks, up to 2 terabytes (TB). (The maximum drive size for NTFS is much greater than that for FAT, and as drive size increases, performance with NTFS doesn't degrade as it does with FAT.)
If you're using a dual-boot configuration (using both Windows 2000 and another operating system on the same computer), you may not be able to gain access to files on NTFS partitions from the other operating system on your computer. For this reason, you should probably use FAT32 or FAT if you want a dual-boot configuration.
FAT and FAT32
FAT32 is an enhanced version of the FAT file system that can be used on drives from 512 megabytes (MB) to 2 TB in size. FAT and FAT32 offer compatibility with operating systems other than Windows 2000. If you're setting up a dual-boot configuration, you should probably use
FAT or FAT32.
If you're dual booting Windows 2000 and another operating system, choose a file system based on the other operating system, using the following criteria:
• Format the partition as FAT if the installation partition is smaller than 2 gigabytes (GB), or if you're dual booting Windows 2000 with MS-DOS(r), Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT. It's recommended that you use NTFS rather than FAT32 for partitions larger than 32 GB.
• Use FAT32 for use on partitions that are 2 GB or larger. If you choose to format using FAT during Windows 2000 Setup and your partition is greater than 2 GB, Setup automatically formats it as FAT32.
Disk Partitions
Disk partitioning is a way of dividing your hard disk so that each section functions as a separate unit. You can create a partition to organize information, for example, to back up data, or to dual boot with another operating system. When you create partitions on a disk, you divide the disk into one or more areas that can be formatted for use by a file system, such as FAT or NTFS.
If you're performing a new installation, Windows 2000 Setup automatically selects an appropriate disk partition-unless you click Advanced Options during Setup and specify otherwise. A hard disk can contain up to four partitions.
Configuring Disk Partitions
Depending on your existing hard disk configuration, you have the following options during Setup:
• If the hard disk is unpartitioned, you can create and size the Windows 2000 partition.
• If the existing partition is large enough, you can install Windows 2000 on that partition.
• If the existing partition is too small, but you have adequate unpartitioned space, you can create a new Windows 2000 partition in that space.
• If the hard disk has an existing partition, you can delete it to create more unpartitioned disk space for the Windows 2000 partition. Deleting an existing partition also erases any data on that partition.
If you're setting up a dual-boot configuration of Windows 2000 Professional, it's important to install Windows 2000 on its own partition. Installing Windows 2000 on the same partition as another operating system may cause Setup to overwrite files installed by the other operating system.
Sizing Disk Partitions
Although Windows 2000 requires a minimum of 500 MB of free disk space for installation, using a large installation partition provides flexibility for adding future updates, operating system tools, or
other files.
During Setup, you should create and size only the partition on which you want to install Windows 2000. After Windows 2000 is installed, you can use Disk Management to make changes or create new partitions on your hard disk.
Converting vs. Reformatting Existing Disk Partitions
Before you run Setup, decide whether you want to keep, convert, or reformat an existing partition. The default option for an existing partition is to keep the existing file system intact, thus preserving all files on that partition.
If you decide to convert or reformat, you need to select an appropriate file system (NTFS, FAT, or FAT32). The following guidelines should help you decide.
Important: Before you change file systems on a partition, you should back up the information on the partition because reformatting the partition deletes the existing data.
Should I convert my existing partition to NTFS?
You can convert an existing partition to NTFS during Setup to make use of Windows 2000 security. You can also convert file systems from FAT to NTFS at any time after Setup by using Convert.exe from the command prompt. This option preserves your existing files, but only if
Windows 2000 has access to files on that partition. Use this option if:
• You want to take advantage of NTFS features such as security, disk compression, and so on.
• You aren't dual booting with another operating system-other than Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 4 (SP4) or later, which can use a Windows 2000 NTFS partition.
Should I always use NTFS for my file system?
NTFS is the recommended file system for Windows 2000. However, there are specific reasons that you might want to use another file system. If you format a partition with NTFS, only Windows 2000 can gain access to files subsequently created on that partition. If you plan to access files from other operating systems (including MS-DOS), you should choose to install a FAT file system.
What happens if I reformat my existing partition?
Reformatting a partition erases all existing files on that partition. Make sure to back up your files before you reformat a partition.
Important: To convert an NTFS partition to FAT, you must first back up all of your files, reformat the partition as FAT (which erases all the files), and then restore the files from backup. You can't restore an NTFS partition created in Windows NT after you convert it to the version of NTFS used in Windows 2000. To convert a FAT partition to FAT32, you must first back up all your files, reformat the partition as FAT32 (which erases all the files), and then restore the files from backup.
Dual-Boot Configuration
You can also set up a multiboot configuration, with more than two operating systems on one computer.
If you use a dual-boot configuration on your computer, you can choose between operating systems (or between versions of the same operating system) every time you start your computer.
Windows 2000 supports dual booting with the following operating systems:
* Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0
* Windows 95, Windows 98
* Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups 3.11
* MS-DOS
* OS/2
To set up a dual-boot configuration, you must use a separate partition for each operating system. During Windows 2000 Setup, you can use the Advanced Setup option to select a folder on an unused partition.
IMPORTANT: It's strongly recommended that you create an Emergency Repair Disk before you install another operating system on your computer.
Before You Dual Boot
If you want to set up a dual-boot configuration to have Windows 2000 Professional and another operating system, such as MS-DOS or Windows 98, available on your computer, first review the following precautions:
• Each operating system should be installed on a separate drive or disk partition.
• Because you're performing a new installation of Windows 2000, you need to reinstall any programs-such as word processing or e-mail software-after Setup is complete.
• You should use a FAT file system for dual-boot configurations. Although using NTFS in a dual boot is supported, such a configuration introduces additional complexity into the choice of file systems. For more information about using NTFS with a dual-boot configuration, see the Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit.
• To set up a dual-boot configuration between MS-DOS or Windows 95 and Windows 2000, you should install Windows 2000 last. Otherwise, important files needed to start Windows 2000 could be overwritten.
• For a dual boot of Windows 2000 with Windows 95 or MS-DOS, the primary partition must be formatted as FAT; for a dual boot with Windows 95 OSR2 or Windows 98, the primary partition must be formatted as FAT or FAT32, not NTFS.
• If you're upgrading a dual-boot computer, you can't gain access to NTFS partitions from any operating system other than Windows NT 4.0 with SP4.
• If you install Windows 2000 on a computer that dual boots OS/2 and MS-DOS, Windows 2000 Setup configures your system so you can dual boot between Windows 2000 Professional and the operating system (MS-DOS or OS/2) you most recently used before running Windows 2000 Setup.
• Don't install Windows 2000 on a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compression utility.
It isn't necessary to uncompress DriveSpace(r) or DoubleSpace(r) volumes if you plan to dual boot with Windows 95 or Windows 98; however, the compressed volume won't be available while you're running Windows 2000.
• Windows 95 or Windows 98 might reconfigure hardware settings the first time you use them, which can cause problems if you're dual booting with Windows 2000.
• If you want your programs to run on both operating systems on a dual-boot computer, you need to install them from within each operating system. You can't share programs across operating systems.
Dual Booting with Windows NT
If you plan a dual-boot configuration with Windows NT and Windows 2000, first review the following precautions:
• If the dual-boot computer is part of a Windows NT or Windows 2000 domain, each installation of Windows NT Workstation or Windows 2000 Professional must have a different computer name.
• If your hard disk is formatted with only NTFS partitions, it's not recommended that you dual boot Windows 2000 with Windows NT.
• If you're using NTFS and dual booting with Windows NT, you must upgrade to Windows NT 4.0 SP4 or later before continuing with the Windows 2000 installation.
Microsoft Windows 2003
Contents
1.0 Preparing Your System for an Upgrade
2.0 Starting Setup for an Upgrade
3.0 Preparing Your System for a New Installation
4.0 Starting Setup for a New Installation
5.0 Planning for Unattended Setup
6.0 Entering Server Settings for a New Installation
7.0 Configuring Your Server
8.0 Product Activation for Products in the Windows Server 2003 Family
1.0 PREPARING YOUR SYSTEM FOR AN UPGRADE
This section describes the basic steps to take in preparing your server for an upgrade.
1.1 Checking the System Log for Errors
Use Event Viewer to review the system log for recent or recurring errors that could cause problems during the upgrade. For information about viewing errors, see Help for the operating system that you are running.
1.2 Backing up Files
Before upgrading, it is recommended that you back up your current files, including anything containing configuration information, for example, the System State and the system and boot partitions. You can back up files to a variety of different media, such as a tape drive or the hard disk of another computer on the network.
1.3 Preparing Mirror Sets and Other Disk Sets for an Upgrade (Windows NT 4.0 only)
With the disk management technologies in Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, you could create volume sets, mirror sets, stripe sets, or stripe sets with parity, each with specific capabilities and limitations. By using dynamic disks, introduced with Microsoft Windows 2000, you can take advantage of similar technologies, and with Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, you can also extend dynamic volumes without repartitioning or reformatting.
1.4 Disconnecting UPS Devices
If you have an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to your target computer, disconnect the connecting serial cable before running Setup. Setup automatically attempts to detect devices connected to serial ports, and UPS equipment can cause problems with the detection process.
1.5 Reviewing Hardware and Software
When you start Setup for an upgrade, the first process it carries out is a check for compatible hardware and software on your computer. Setup displays a report before continuing. Use this report, along with information in Relnotes.htm (in the \Docs folder on the Setup CD), to find out whether you need to update your hardware, drivers, or software before upgrading.
2.0 STARTING SETUP FOR AN UPGRADE
If you are upgrading to Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, you can start Setup from the CD or from a network.
IMPORTANT: To run Setup for an upgrade, you must be a member of the Administrators group on the local computer. If the computer is joined to a domain, members of the Domain Admins group might be able to perform this procedure. As a security best practice, if you start Setup from a computer running Windows 2000, consider using Run as. Run as is a secondary logon method that you can use to start commands or programs using a different security context? For example, you can log on as a member of the Users group and, without logging off, run a command as a member of the Administrators group.
>>>TO START AN UPGRADE FROM THE CD ON A COMPUTER RUNNING WINDOWS
1. Insert the CD in the drive, and wait for Setup to display a dialog box.
2. Follow the Setup instructions.
>>>TO START AN UPGRADE FROM A NETWORK
1. On a network server, share the installation files by either inserting the CD or sharing the CD-ROM drive or by copying the files from the I386 folder on the CD to a shared folder.
2. On the computer on which you want to install Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, connect to the shared folder or drive that contains the Setup files.
3. Run Setup.exe.
4. Follow the Setup instructions.
3.0 PREPARING YOUR SYSTEM FOR A NEW INSTALLATION
This section describes the basic steps to take in preparing your server for a new installation.
3.1 Checking the System Log for Errors
If the computer already has a working operating system, review the system log for recent or recurring errors (especially hardware errors) that could cause problems during the installation. For information about viewing event logs, see Help for the operating system on your computer.
3.2 Backing up Files
Before you perform a new installation, it is recommended that you back up your current files, unless the computer has no files or the current operating system files have been damaged. You can back up files to a variety of different media, such as a tape drive or the hard disk of another computer on the network.
3.3 Uncompressing the Drive
Uncompress any DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volumes before installing. Do not install Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, on a compressed drive unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compression feature.
3.4 Preparing Mirror Sets and Other Disk Sets (Windows NT 4.0 only)
With the disk management technologies in Windows NT 4.0, you could create volume sets, mirror sets, stripe sets, or stripe sets with parity, each with specific capabilities and limitations. By using dynamic disks, introduced with Windows 2000, you can take advantage of similar technologies, and with Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, you can also extend dynamic volumes without repartitioning or reformatting.
This transition from the technologies used in Windows NT 4.0 means that you must make certain choices before running Setup for Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition.
3.5 Disconnecting UPS Devices
If you have an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to your target computer, disconnect the connecting serial cable before running Setup. Setup automatically attempts to detect devices connected to serial ports, and UPS equipment can cause problems with the detection process.
4.0 STARTING SETUP FOR A NEW INSTALLATION
This section explains how to start Setup for a new installation.
Setup works in several stages, prompting you for information, copying files, and restarting. Setup concludes with the Manage Your Server program, which you can use to adjust the server configuration for your specific needs.
4.1 Providing a Mass Storage Driver or a HAL File
If you have a mass storage controller that requires a driver supplied by the manufacturer, or if you have a custom Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) file supplied by the manufacturer, provides the appropriate driver file or HAL file during Setup.
4.1.1 Mass Storage Drivers and the Setup Process
If you have a mass storage controller (such as a SCSI, RAID, or Fibre Channel adapter) for your hard disk, confirm that the controller is designed for products in the Windows Server 2003 family by checking the hardware and software compatibility information in the Windows Catalog at:
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/catalog/
If your controller is compatible, but you are aware that the manufacturer has supplied a separate driver file for use with products in the Windows Server 2003 family, obtain the file (on a floppy disk) before you begin Setup. During the early part of Setup, a line at the bottom of the screen prompts you to press F6. Further prompts will guide you in supplying the driver file to Setup so that it can gain access to the mass storage controller.
If you are not sure whether you must obtain a separate driver file from the manufacturer of your mass storage controller, you can try running Setup. If the controller is not supported by the driver files on the Setup CD and therefore requires a driver file that is supplied by the hardware manufacturer, Setup stops and displays a message saying that no disk devices can be found, or it displays an incomplete list of controllers. After you obtain the necessary driver file, restart Setup, and press F6 when you are prompted.
4.1.2 Using a Custom HAL File
If you have a custom Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) file supplied by your computer manufacturer, before you begin Setup, locate the floppy disk or other medium containing the file. During the early part of Setup, a line at the bottom of the screen prompts you to press F6: at this time press F5 (not F6). After you press F5, follow the prompts to include your HAL file in the Setup process.
4.2 Methods for Starting Setup for a New Installation
The sections that follow, "Starting a New Installation from a CD" and "Starting a New Installation from a Network," explain how to start Setup for a new installation.
4.2.1 Starting a New Installation from a CD
If you use the Setup CD, you have several options for starting Setup, as explained in the following procedures:
Note: If you are running Setup on a computer running Microsoft Windows 3.x or MS-DOS, for best efficiency, use disk caching. Otherwise, the Setup process (started from Winnt.exe) could take a long time. To enable disk caching on a computer running Windows 3.x or MS-DOS, you can use SMARTDrive.
>>>TO START SETUP FROM THE CD ON A COMPUTER RUNNING MS-DOS
1. Insert the CD in the drive.
2. At the command prompt, type:
d:
where d is the drive letter of the CD-ROM drive.
3. Type:
cd i386
4. Type:
winnt
5. Follow the Setup instructions.
>>>TO START SETUP FROM THE CD ON A COMPUTER RUNNING WINDOWS
Before starting this procedure on a computer running Windows NT 4.0, apply Service Pack 5 or later.
1. Insert the CD in the drive.
2. To begin Setup, do one of the following:
* For a computer running any version of Windows other than Windows 3.x, wait for Setup to display a dialog box.
* For a computer running Windows 3.x, use File Manager to change to the CD-ROM drive and to change to the I386 directory, and then double-click Winnt.exe.
3. Follow the Setup instructions.
>>>TO START SETUP FOR A NEW INSTALLATION FROM THE CD
Another way of using the Setup CD is to start the computer from the CD-ROM drive. This method applies only if you want to perform a new installation, not an upgrade. Using this method, you can perform an installation on a computer that does not have an operating system, although you can also use this method on computers that have Operating systems.
1. Determine whether the computer on which you want to start Setup can be started from the CD-ROM drive and whether you want to perform a new installation (not an upgrade). Continue only if both are true.
2. Insert the CD in the drive, and then restart the computer.
3. Follow the instructions for your operating system to boot the computer from the CD.
4. Wait for Setup to display a dialog box, and then follow the Setup instructions.
4.2.2 Starting a New Installation from a Network
To install Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, from a network, you either share the files directly from the CD or copy them to a shared folder. Then, you start the appropriate program to run Setup.
>>>TO INSTALL WINDOWS SERVER 2003, STANDARD EDITION, FROM A NETWORK
1. On a network server, share the installation files, either by inserting the CD and sharing the CD-ROM drive or by copying the files from the I386 folder on the CD to a shared folder.
2. On the computer on which you want to install Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, connect to the shared Setup files:
* If you are sharing the CD-ROM drive, connect to the shared drive and change to the I386 folder.
* If you are sharing a folder, connect to that folder.
3. Find and run the appropriate file in the I386 directory of the CD or in the shared folder:
* From a computer running MS-DOS or Windows 3.x, run Winnt.exe.
* From a computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT with Service Pack 5 or later, Windows 2000, or Windows XP, run Winnt32.exe.
4. Follow the Setup instructions.
5.0 PLANNING FOR UNATTENDED SETUP
This section provides general information about unattended Setup.
To simplify the process of setting up a product in the Windows Server 2003 family on multiple computers, you can run Setup unattended. To do this, you create and use an answer file, a customized script that answers the Setup questions automatically. Then, you run Winnt32.exe or Winnt.exe with the appropriate options for unattended Setup. Choose the command according to the operating system that is running when you start unattended Setup:
* To start unattended Setup on a computer running MS-DOS or Windows 3.x, use Winnt.exe (with the appropriate options).
* To start unattended Setup on a computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or a product in the Windows Server 2003 family, use Winnt32.exe (with the appropriate options). With Windows NT 4.0, before starting unattended Setup, apply Service Pack 5 or later.
* To view the command options available for Winnt.exe: On a computer running Windows 3.x or MS-DOS, insert the Setup CD for Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, in the CD-ROM drive and open the command prompt. Then, change to the CD-ROM drive, change to the I386 directory, and type:
winnt /?
* To use an x86-based computer to view the command options available for Winnt32.exe: On a computer running Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, or a product in the Windows Server 2003 family, insert the Setup CD for Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, in the CD-ROM drive, and open the command prompt. Then, change to the CD-ROM drive, change to the I386 directory, and
type:
winnt32 /?
* To use an Itanium architecture-based computer to view the command options available for Winnt32.exe: On an Itanium architecture-based computer running Windows XP 64-Bit Edition; the 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition; or the 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition, insert the Setup CD for the 64-bit version of the product in the CD-ROM drive and open the command prompt (click Start, click Run, and then type cmd). Then, change to the CD-ROM drive, change to the IA64 directory, and type:
winnt32 /?
6.0 ENTERING SERVER SETTINGS FOR A NEW INSTALLATION
If you are upgrading, you can skip this section because Setup uses your previous settings.
After you start Setup, a process begins in which necessary Setup files are copied to the hard disk. During this process, Setup displays dialog boxes that you can use to select various options.
Choosing or Creating a Partition for Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition
During a new installation of Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, a dialog box gives you the opportunity to create or specify a partition on which you want to install. You can create a partition from the available unpartitioned space, specify an existing partition, or delete an existing partition to create more unpartitioned disk space for the new installation. If you specify any action that will cause information to be erased, you will be prompted to confirm your choice.
IMPORTANT: If you delete an existing partition, all data on that partition is erased. Performing a new installation of Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, on a partition that contains another operating system overwrites the existing operating system.
Selecting Regional and Language Options
You can set up Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition, to use multiple languages and regional options.
If you select a European country or region in the list of countries/regions, or if you live in a country or region where the euro has been introduced, it is a good idea to verify that the
default currency settings in Regional and Language Options meet your needs. After you run Setup, you can modify these options by clicking Regional and Language Options in Control Panel.
Personalizing Windows
Enter your name and, as an option, your organization.
If you select a European country or region in the list of countries/regions, or if you live in a country or region where the euro has been introduced, it is a good idea to verify that the default currency settings in Regional and Language Options meet your needs. After you run Setup, you can modify regional and language options by clicking Regional and Language Options in Control Panel.
Choosing a Licensing Mode
Select your client licensing mode.
Entering Your Computer Name
During Setup, in the Computer Name and Administrator Password dialog box, follow the instructions for entering your computer name. The recommended length for most languages is 15 characters or less. For languages that require more storage space per character, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the recommended length is 7 characters or less.
It is recommended that you use only Internet-standard characters in the computer name. The standard characters are the numbers from 0 through 9, uppercase and lowercase letters from A through Z, and the hyphen (-) character. Computer names cannot consist entirely of numbers.
If you are using DNS on your network, you can use a wider variety of characters, including Unicode characters and other nonstandard characters, such as the ampersand (&). Using nonstandard characters might affect the ability of non-Microsoft software to operate on your network.
The maximum length for a computer name is 63 bytes. If the name is longer than 15 bytes (15 characters in most languages, 7 characters in some), computers running Windows NT Server 4.0 and earlier will recognize this computer by the first 15 bytes of the name only. In addition, there are additional configuration steps for a name that is longer than 15 bytes.
If a computer is part of a domain, you must choose a computer name that is different from any other computer in the domain. To avoid name conflicts, the computer should be unique on the domain, workgroup, or network. If this computer is part of a domain, and it contains more than one operating system, you must use a unique computer name for each operating system that is installed.
For example, if the computer name is FileServerNT when the computer is started with Windows NT Server 4.0, the computer must have a different name, perhaps FileServerNew, when it is started with a product in the Windows Server 2003 family. This requirement also applies to a computer that contains multiple installations of the same operating system.
Setting the Administrator Account Password
During Setup, in the Computer Name and Administrator Password dialog box, type a password of up to 127 characters in the Administrator Password box. For the strongest system security, use a password of at least 7 characters, and use a mixture of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and other characters, such as *, ?, or $.
IMPORTANT: After Setup is completed, for best security, change the name of the Administrator account (it cannot be deleted) and keep a strong password on the account at all times.
Setting the Date and Time
During Setup, in the Date and Time Settings dialog box, set the date, time, and time zone. If you want the system to automatically adjust for daylight saving time, select the "Automatically adjust clock for daylight saving changes" check box.
You can change your computer's date and time after Setup is complete. If your computer is a member of a domain, your computer clock is probably synchronized automatically by a network time server. If your computer is not a member of a domain, you can synchronize your computer clock with an Internet time server.
Specifying Networking Settings
You can specify networking information for TCP/IP or other protocols during Setup, or you can use typical settings and then make any necessary changes to your networking configuration after installation.
>>>TO ALLOW SETUP TO ASSIGN OR OBTAIN AN IP ADDRESS
* When you click "Typical settings" in the Networking Settings dialog box, Setup checks to see if there is a DHCP server on your network. If there is a DHCP server on your network, DHCP provides an IP address. If there is no DHCP server on your network, Setup will use a limited IP addressing option called Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA). On a server using APIPA, complete the network configuration after Setup, because a server using APIPA can communicate only with other computers using APIPA on the same network segment.
>>>TO SPECIFY A STATIC IP ADDRESS AND SETTINGS NEEDED FOR DNS AND WINS
1. During Setup, in the Networking Settings dialog box, click "Custom settings," and then click Next.
2. In the Networking Components dialog box, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
3. Click Properties.
4. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click "Use the following IP address."
5. In IP address, Subnet mask and Default gateway, type the appropriate addresses.
6. Under "Use the following DNS server addresses," type the address of a preferred DNS server and, optionally, an alternate DNS server.
If the local server is the preferred or alternate DNS server, type the same IP address as assigned in the previous step.
7. If you will use a WINS server, click Advanced, and then click the WINS tab in the Advanced TCP/IP Settings dialog box to add the IP address of one or more WINS servers.
8. Click OK in each dialog box, and continue with Setup.
Specifying the Workgroup or Domain Name
A domain is a group of accounts and network resources that share a common directory database and set of security policies and might have security relationships with other domains. A workgroup is a more basic grouping, intended only to help users find objects such as printers and shared folders within that group. Domains make it easier for an administrator to control access to resources and keep track of users.
7.0 CONFIGURING YOUR SERVER
When Setup is complete, the computer restarts. Setup has now completed the basic installation. Manage Your Server appears on the screen the first time you log on as the computer's administrator. You can use Manage Your Server to install and configure server roles, including file servers, print servers, Web and media servers, and networking and communications servers. You can start Manage Your Server at any time if you are logged on as an administrator. To start Manage Your Server, click Start, and then either click Manage Your Server or point to All Programs, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Manage Your Server.
Choosing Server Components
You can use the Windows Components Wizard to select the appropriate components for your server. To use this wizard, after running Setup, click Start, and then click Control Panel. In Control Panel, double-click Add or Remove Programs, and then, on the left side of the dialog box, click Add/Remove Windows Components. With this wizard you
can choose and install individual components.
8.0 PRODUCT ACTIVATION FOR PRODUCTS IN THE WINDOWS SERVER 2002 FAMILY
After you install a product in the Windows Server 2003 family, if the product was purchased individually rather than through a volume licensing arrangement, you will have to activate the product unless your hardware manufacturer has reactivated it for you. Product activation is quick, simple, and unobtrusive, and it protects your privacy. It is designed to reduce software piracy (illegal copies of a product). Over time, reduced piracy means that the software industry can invest more in product development, quality, and support. This results in better products and more innovation for customers.
Software reminders
Until you activate your product, it provides a reminder each time you log on and at common intervals until the end of the activation grace period stated in your End-User License Agreement (30 days is the typical grace period). If your activation grace period passes and you do not activate the product, your computer will continue to function, except that when you log on locally or log on through Remote Desktop for Administration (the new name for the Windows 2000 functionality known as Terminal Services in Remote Administration Mode), you will only be able to use the Activate Windows Wizard.
Methods for activation
After your operating system is installed, begin activation by clicking Start, and then clicking Activate Windows. (You can also click the key icon that appears in the lower right corner of the screen.) By following the instructions on the screen, you can activate through the Internet or by phone:
* Internet: When you activate through the Internet, your computer transmits coded information that shows that your product key is associated with your computer hardware. Activation is carried out through a secure server. A confirmation ID is passed back to your computer, automatically activating your product. This process normally takes just a few seconds to complete. No personally identifiable information is required to activate your product.
* Phone: When you activate by phone, information on the screen guides you through a few simple steps. When you choose the country or region where you are located, a phone number (toll-free, wherever possible) appears on your screen. When you call the number, a customer service representative asks for the Installation ID that is displayed on your screen. The customer service representative enters that number into a secure database, confirms that the number represents a legally installed product, and provides a confirmation ID to you. Then, you type the confirmation ID into the spaces provided on the screen, and activation is complete.
Reactivation (rarely needed)
If you overhaul your computer by replacing a substantial number of hardware components (not just a few), the operating system might view your hardware as a completely different computer, not the one on which you activated. In this situation, you can call the telephone number displayed on the telephone activation screen, and, through a quick, simple process, you can reactivate your product.
No comments:
Post a Comment